This may ignore the situational factors that make them come across as negative, such as the fact they’re just in the wrong career. The Pessimistic Colleague: We might attribute a colleague’s constant and drainking negative outlook to their being a naturally pessimistic person.The Anxious Public Speaker: When someone appears nervous or anxious while giving a public speech, we might label them as a person who’s inherently anxious, disregarding the fact that in other situations, they’re actually very confident.This may ignore that they were born into wealth that helped them get to where they are today. The Successful Entrepreneur: We often see serial entrepreneurs who’ve seen a lot of success as having distributional factors like intellect, drive, and a competitive spirit.The Generous Friend: When we observe a friend who is consistently supporting their friends in need, we might attribute their kindness to their inherently altruistic and caring nature.The Homeless: When we see homeless people there is a strong tendency to ascribe dispositional characteristics for their plight such as “They are lazy.” This is an explanation of convenience that doesn’t consider the myriad of other possibilities.That can put the youngster on a trajectory of academic success. The Supportive Teacher: A teacher that provides dispositional attributions for a student’s good work is helping the child build a foundation of confidence and self-efficacy.Cutting the Immigrant No Slack: When an immigrant makes several off-color remarks at a social function, other people might think it’s because “they are a rude person.” A more understanding explanation might be to consider that they don’t know the culture very well yet.The project was successful because they have incredible leadership skills. The Great Project Manager: When a challenging project is completed on schedule, under budget, and to near perfection, the project manager may take all the credit.Being Late for a Job Interview: While the applicant that is late for a job interview may offer a plausible explanations (i.e., traffic jam), the employer may be inclined to ascribe a dispositional attribution and infer the applicant is the kind of person that is always late.If we ascribe our poor performance to dispositional factors (i.e., I’m just not good at this job), the blow can be even more severe. A Poor Job Performance Evaluation: Receiving a negative performance evaluation at work can be a real blow to one’s self-esteem.Explaining a Job Well-Done: When a person does exceptionally well at something, if they claim it was due to their talent and work ethic, it feels good and give a nice boost to their self-image.It’s as if they were born that way, which is kind of the ultimate dispositional attribution. The Talented Musician: When we see someone that can play a musical instrument exceptionally well, we might use the term “naturally talented” to describe them.We tend to label them as having that characteristic as an enduring part of their personality. The Grumpy Boss: From the outside, we may observe our boss as someone that is always in a bad mood.The Bad Driver: When getting into a car accident with another person, we might have a tendency to blame them and say the person is a “bad driver.” This means that being bad at driving is a characteristic they carry with them wherever they go.Whenever you cognize your environment you will find attribution occurring” (Heider, 1976, p. “Attribution is part of our cognition of the environment. Heider believed that attributions are part of the human psyche, stating: The person’s actions are seen as being the result of factors external to themselves. Situational attribution: A situational attribution removes some of that responsibility.They engaged in that behavior because that’s the kind of person they are. Distributional attribution: When a person ascribes a dispositional attribution, it means they consider the individual as being responsible for their actions.When we observe a person engage in a behavior, we will explain their actions as being the result of either situational or dispositional factors. Heider stated that there are two main types of attributions: dispositional and situational. Fritz Heider is considered the father of attribution theory and wrote one of psychology’s most influential books, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations. The study of how we explain behavior is referred to as attribution theory. References Distributional vs Situational Attribution
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